Eric Stanton Diffenderfer, PhD

---

---

Description of Research Expertise

FLASH radiotherapy.
Proton SARRP development.
Proton and neutron microdosimetry.
Machine learning applications in Radiation Oncology.

Description of Clinical Expertise

Proton and X-ray therapy physics and dosimetry.

Selected Publications

• Diffenderfer, E., Nakamura, S., Masuda, A., Tanaka, H. : Neutron Detectors and Measuring Methods Radiation Detectors and Methods in Medicine January 2026 Notes: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-10159-4_19
• Zou W, Dong L, Pin A, Nilsson R, Kim M, Apinorasethkul O, Pakela J, Friberg A, Koger B, Labarbe R, Fuentes CL, Cengel K, Traneus E, Girdhani S, Koumenis C, Vander Stappen F, Diffenderfer E, Bradley J, Teo BK, Lin A. : Deliverable proton conformal FLASH radiotherapy treatment planning for head and neck re-irradiation patients Radiotherapy and Oncology 216: 111349 December 2025 Notes: doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2025.111349
• Friberg AM, Tan HS, Diffenderfer ES, Verginadis I, Kim MM, Cengel K, Wiersma R, Dong L, Koumenis C, Teo BK, Zou W. : Physicochemical indication of the FLASH effect from shoot-through proton pencil beam scanning parameters delivered under ultra-high dose rates Physics in Medicine and Biology 70(17):175002 August 2025 Notes: doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/adf58e
• Arpit M. Chhabra MD, Richard A. Amos MSc, FIPEM, Charles B. Simone II, MD, Adeel Kaiser MD, Luis A. Perles PhD, Huan Giap MD, PhD, Christopher L. Hallemeier MD, Jedediah E. Johnson PhD, Haibo Lin PhD, Andrew J. Wroe PhD, Eric S. Diffenderfer PhD, John A. Wolfgang PhD, Hideyuki Sakurai MD, Hsiao-Ming Lu PhD, Theodore S. Hong MD, Eugene J. Koay MD, PhD, Kazuki Terashima PhD, Pavel Vitek PhD, William G. Rule MD, Smith Jim Apisarnthanarax MD, Shahed N. Badiyan MD, Jason K. Molitoris MD, PhD, Michael Chuong MD, Romaine C. Nichols Jr. MD : Proton Beam Therapy for Pancreatic Tumors: A Consensus Statement from the Particle Therapy Cooperative Group Gastrointestinal Subcommittee International Journal of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 122(1) May 2025 Notes: doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.12.020
• Seyyedeh Azar Oliaei Motlagh, François Vander Stappen, Michele M Kim, Rudi Labarbe, Lucian Hotoiu, Arnaud Pin, Rasmus Nilsson, Erik Traneus, Keith A Cengel, Wei Zou, Boon-Keng Kevin Teo, Lei Dong, Eric S Diffenderfer : Verification of dose and dose rate for quality assurance of spread-out-Bragg-peak proton FLASH radiotherapy using machine log files Medical Physics April 2025 Notes: DOI: 10.1002/mp.17792
• Haiwei Ni, Zachary J Reitman, Wei Zou, Md Naushad Akhtar, Ritama Paul, Menggui Huang, Duo Zhang, Hao Zheng, Ruitao Zhang, Ruiying Ma, Gina Ngo, Lin Zhang, Eric S Diffenderfer, S Azar Oliaei Motlagh, Michele M Kim, Andy J Minn, Jay F Dorsey, Jessica B Foster, James Metz, Constantinos Koumenis, David G Kirsch, Yanqing Gong, Yi Fan : FLASH radiation reprograms lipid metabolism and macrophage immunity and sensitizes medulloblastoma to CAR-T cell therapy Nature Cancer February 2025 Notes: DOI: 10.1038/s43018-025-00905-6
• Ioannis I Verginadis, Anastasia Velalopoulou, Michele M Kim, Kyle Kim, Ioannis Paraskevaidis, Brett Bell, Seyyedeh Azar Oliaei Motlagh, Antoneta Karaj, Esha Banerjee, Giovanni Finesso, Charles-Antoine Assenmacher, Enrico Radaelli, Jiawei Lu, Yuewei Lin, Mary E Putt, Eric S Diffenderfer, Chandan Guha, Ling Qin, James M Metz, Amit Maity, Keith A Cengel, Constantinos Koumenis, Theresa M Busch : FLASH proton reirradiation, with or without hypofractionation, reduces chronic toxicity in the normal murine intestine, skin, and bone Radiotherapy and Oncology January 2025 Notes: DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2025.110744
• Ma Y, Zhang T, Selvaraj B, Shen J, Wei S, Cheng C, Gao H, Poulsen PR, Li H, Diffenderfer E, Schuemann J, Lin L, Morris Z, Durkee B, Hesser J, Lin H, Simone CB 2nd, Kang M, Wu H. : Advancing Proton FLASH Radiation Therapy: Innovations, Techniques, and Clinical Potentials International Journal of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 2025 Notes: doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.05.076
• Michele M. Kim, Eric S. Diffenderfer : Proton FLASH Radiotherapy Proton Therapy Physics 2025 Notes: doi: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032616858
• Dixin Chen, Seyyedeh Azar Oliaei Motlagh, François Vander Stappen, Rudi Labarbe, Beryl Bell, Michele Kim, Boon‐Keng Kevin Teo, Lei Dong, Wei Zou, Eric Stanton Diffenderfer : Secondary neutron dosimetry for conformal FLASH proton therapy Medical Physics April 2024 Notes: https://doi-org.proxy.library.upenn.edu/10.1002/mp.17050